?Why should we protect cultural heritage
jahane-gardesh Electronic Magazine – Cultural heritage is said to be all the works left by the past that have cultural value. These works can include tangible works (such as ancient buildings) or intangible works (such as customs and traditions of a region) that today are trying to preserve for future generations.
Cultural heritage is unique, irreplaceable and has value and respect among generations.
Smaller things such as works of art and other cultural masterpieces are collected in museums and art galleries, while others such as ancient buildings are collectively known as a cultural heritage.
The importance of preserving works
The legacy left by the ancestors is effective in the study of human history. Keeping them tells the needs of the past and there is a story behind each one. From another point of view, preservation of works can help validate the memories of the past.
Today, computer methods can accurately obtain the shape and appearance of discovery works and provide many data about the way of life of the past.
Unfortunately, the biggest danger that threatens ancient monuments is from tourists. Things like touching the works or even the light that is needed to see them and other risks that arise in the way of making the works known and understandable. In fact, this danger reinforces the fact that all discovered artefacts are in a continuous process of transformation, so that what we try to keep constant is actually changing and will never be what it was in the beginning.
There is a similar transformation in the value of works for each generation and something that connects them with the past. What is known as cultural heritage for one generation may be removed by the next generation only to be revived by a later generation.
Cultural characteristics
Cultural characteristics (cultural indicators) include physical or tangible cultural heritage such as historical buildings and places, ancient works, statues, books, documents, works of art, machines and other creations that are believed to be valuable for future generations. It includes things that are significant for archaeology, architecture, science and technology or a special knowledge.
Material heritage, in turn, includes movable heritage (which can be easily transferred from one place to another) and immovable heritage (which cannot be transferred to another place).
In the past, and especially in the national laws of countries, there was a big difference between movable and immovable heritage, and the historical value was more focused on monuments, antiques and works of art. But in the recent centuries, experts have shown more desire to blur the border between movable and immovable heritage and integrate all aspects of heritage.
:Aspects and fields of preservation of tangible heritage are
archival science
Preservation and restoration
Artistic protection
Architectural protection
Film protection
Phonograph protection
Digital protection
Naqali, a globally registered spiritual heritage from Iran
intangible (spiritual) heritage
Human cultural and spiritual heritage and UNESCO cultural and spiritual heritage list
Intangible cultural heritage refers to the non-physical aspects of a culture and often includes the customs of society in a period of time or the ways and methods of behavior in society, which are usually general formal rules for working in a specific cultural space. In other words, spiritual heritage includes a part of our culture that has been inherited to us orally and from breast to breast.
These include social values, traditions, customs and methods, aesthetic and spiritual beliefs, artistic expression, language and other aspects of human functions. In general, preserving spiritual heritage is more difficult than preserving material cultural heritage.
Spiritual heritage or in other words intangible heritage is the basic part of the culture of every society. All the works left from different cultures represent the thought and spiritual culture of those societies.
In fact, human spirituality is manifested in the form of material, cultural and historical works and creates the tangible aspect of spiritual heritage. Cultural heritage is the cultural truth of every nation and it is considered as its basic pillar, which in fact constitutes the essence or principle of the culture of every nation.
It is important to pay attention to the spiritual heritage from the point of view that it can resist cultural assimilation in the world. By supporting different cultures and paying attention to them, you can stand against globalization and protect your cultural identity.
:Aspects of preservation of intangible heritage are
folklore
Oral history
Language retention
Natural heritage
The cultural landscape of Tos, a candidate for UNESCO world registration
Natural heritage is also an important part of the heritage of societies, which includes the countryside, the natural environment including plants and animals as “biodiversity” and geological elements (such as mineralogy, geomorphology, fossils, etc.) as “land diversity”. ” Is. These types of heritage areas, by attracting foreign and domestic tourists, often play an important role in the tourism industry of a country.
Aspects of preserving natural heritage include…
Cultural perspective
Cultural heritage may also refer to cultural landscapes. Natural heritage that includes cultural features such as ancient buildings.
In addition, another very important aspect of heritage, namely the relationship between heritage and society, has found a special place today. In this way, cultural heritage, both its material and non-material types, should be studied and examined in relation to the cultural values of the society that produced it.
World Heritage Movement
The universal registration of works was the result of the global concern for the protection of cultural and natural heritage, which was approved at the UNESCO conference in 1972. Monuments, groups of monuments, and the like must be of great universal value in terms of history, art, or science to qualify for inclusion in the universal classification.
For example, underwater cultural heritage is protected by the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. This convention is a legal document that helps member states to improve the protection of underwater cultural heritage.
In addition, UNESCO has begun to designate masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity.
:The international documents and agreements in this field are
Athens Charter, 1931
Roerich Pact, 1935
Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Heritage in Time of War, 1954
Charter of Venice, 1964
Charter of Barcelona, 2002
Icomos
International Committee of the Blue Shield for the Management of Natural and Human Disasters
Iran’s cultural and spiritual heritage in UNESCO
Iran’s intangible heritage or cultural and spiritual heritage in UNESCO refers to the cultural and artistic works that Iran has registered in UNESCO after 2006. As of July 24, 2012, according to the report of Iran’s Cultural Heritage Organization, 10 works have been registered in UNESCO with this theme. have arrived.
mechanism
According to Article 7 of UNESCO’s constitution, member countries were required to establish national commissions to establish coordination between UNESCO and relevant institutions. Currently, there are 190 national commissions of UNESCO, since 2006, a number of heritages of countries, including Iran, have been registered under the name of cultural and spiritual heritage of UNESCO.
منبع: tahgigkon.ir
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