jahane-gardesh – This country, which is officially called the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country and is located along the Alps. Austria is located in the southern part of Central Europe and shares land borders with 8 countries.
This country is bordered by Germany from the northwest, the Czech Republic from the north, Slovakia from the northeast, Hungary from the east, Slovenia and Italy from the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein from the west.
Ranking
Austria is one of the richest countries in the world with a very high standard of living.
Due to having a wide range of culture, amazing landscape and a dynamic and creative economy, Austria, as a country with a great history and rich cultural heritage, is an ideal and popular destination for immigrants.
The high quality of life in this country is reflected by the low level of crime, the high level of social security and excellent and attractive infrastructure, ideal amenities and entertainment.
Culture
Austrians are moderate in their opinions and behavior, they will treat you in a friendly but formal way on the street, so don’t be surprised that you will feel the behaviors such as speaking calmly, being well-behaved, respecting the law and conservatism during your trip to this country. you do Also, adherence to traditions, pessimism and a sense of humor with irony are also among their other characteristics, perhaps it can be said that they are also party people to some extent; Some people confuse this country with Germans, who have no similarities except for the common language.
Austrians generally hate Germans and the country of Germany and do not have a good relationship with them and are very sensitive to it, so never compare Austria with Germany in a negative tone because you will anger the native people here.
Language and population
The official language of this country is German and it has a population of almost 9 million
celebrities
Ferdinand Porsche was the founder of Porsche company
Hedy Lamarr, the actress who owes the life of smart phones to his efforts, was the inventor of Bluetooth
Ludwig Boltzmann
Entropy was a concept that was introduced to the world by Boltermann. Boltermann should be considered among the greatest geniuses in the world of science, so that his works became a very important influence in the foundation of the revolutionary physics of the 20th century, but unfortunately, his hard scientific battles with his rivals His science caused him to be annoyed, to the point where he ended his life by committing suicide.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
According to many experts, he was the most creative composer in the history of music, giving the title of musical genius to this world music legend is not without reason, because he wrote his first symphony at the age of seven and his first complete opera at the age of 12, and the positive point of this musician is to create works He has been prominent in various types of music such as symphony, sonata, quartet and opera.
currency
The currency of this country is Euro.
historical background
Early date
After the Iron Age, Celtic tribes settled in Austria and founded the Noricum civilization (Kingdom of the Celts) in this land. Fifteen years before Christ, this kingdom is occupied by the Roman Empire. During this time, many cities and streets are built and Celtic culture is connected with Roman. By the 4th century many Celts had become Christians. Romans stay in this land for 500 years. With the arrival of other tribes, the Romans are weakened and leave. The occupation of this land by barbarian tribes in the 6th and 7th centuries led to the formation of the Bavarian population in the north and the Alps and the Slavonic population in the southeast of the Alps. At the end of the 8th century, the region fell into the hands of the French Empire and Charlemagne controlled He takes over there. In order to protect the eastern lands of France from the invasion of Avar tribes and Hungarians, a country is formed in that land. The government of that country came to the Babenberg family in 976, and later the name of the country became Eastern Mark or Istarrichi, which today the name of Austria remains on this country.
Medieval
In 1246, the last king of the Babenberg family died, and in 1278, the Habsburg family came to power. In 1452, the Habsburgs became the kings of the Holy Roman Empire. At this time, they were considered one of the main powers of Europe. In 1500, Emperor Maximilian I was able to expand his territory and gain a lot of power through political marriages. In this way, the Habsburgs controlled the southern parts of Germany, the Netherlands, Burgundy, Spain and its colonies, and southern Italy.
Renaissance period
In the 16th century, the power of the church was greatly weakened. During the Renaissance, the king of Austria, Karl V, was forced to resign and the Habsburg family was divided into two Spanish and Austrian dynasties. The excessive loyalty of the Habsburgs to the Church during the Renaissance led to the Thirty Years’ War (1638-1608). This war had many destructive effects in Central Europe. At this time, the Ottoman Empire also attacked Vienna twice and occupied this city once in 1529 and again in 1683. With the end of the religious wars and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, Austria entered the golden and glorious Baroque era. Baroque). During this period, Austria and many European countries witnessed prosperity and progress in architecture, art and culture.
world war I
In 1848, in most European countries, revolutions are formed to destroy the feudal system and freedom and equality. In Austria, these revolutions lead to the destruction of the Austrian absolutist system and in 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire was formed. The foreign policy of the Austrian Empire was allied with Germany and Italy and opposed to Russia and Serbia; Because Serbia was considered the center of dangerous activities of the Slavs of the Austrian Empire. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by a Serbian citizen of Austria. As a result, on July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia and World War I began. After the death of Franz Joseph I in 1916, his crown prince promised constitutional reforms, but the Allied support for the partition of Austria-Hungary eventually It causes the collapse of this dual empire. In 1919, Austria becomes a republic and the Habsburg dynasty is overthrown. At this time, inflation and unemployment were rampant in Austria and its people suffered from the lack of a national identity. Tension and conflict between social democrats and conservatives rose. Socialists and Nazis joined together. And in 1938, the Nazi German army entered Austria. will be
WWII
The leader of the Austrian Nazis, who became the Chancellor of Austria, announces the union between Austria and Germany. The annexation of Austria to Germany prepares the ground for Germany’s invasion of Czechoslovakia and then Poland, and this is how World War II begins.
After the German withdrawal from Austria and its occupation by the allied governments in April 1945 AD, Austria is divided into four regions, each of which is administered by one of the governments of the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France, and Vienna, the capital of Austria, is under joint administration. There are four states. Ten years later, in 1955, an agreement was signed between the four occupying countries and the Austrian government, according to which Austria’s neutrality and independence were guaranteed, and the forces of the four occupying countries evacuated the territory of Austria.
Modern Austria
Austria’s neutrality made this country stand like a barrier between East and West during the Cold War. The city of Vienna becomes the center of international organizations such as the United Nations. The economy of this country prospers in the seventies and comes out of recession. After the fall of the Iron Wall, Austria found its place in the heart of Europe again and became a member of the European Union in 1995 and introduced the Euro as the main currency in Europe in 2002. The country now has a federal government structure and its president and chancellor are elected by the people.
Get to know some of the top tourist attractions of this country with Jahan Turash:
Shun Brun Palace
Schönbrunn Palace has been one of the palaces of the Austrian nobility and the seat of the rulers of Vienna since the distant years and even before its construction and completion in its present form. The style of architecture and the tastes used in it show the interests of the kings of that country. Emperor Franz Joseph, who was the ruler of Austria between 1848 and 1916, was also born in this palace. He spent his whole life in this palace. After his death, this palace became the seat of the new Austrian government. Therefore, numerous statues and structures have been left around Schönbrunn since those times.
Salzburg Castle
Salzburg Castle is one of the largest medieval castles in Europe. Salzburg Castle on the Festungsberg rises above the rooftops of the historic Baroque district, making it the largest fully preserved castle in Central Europe, offering a 360-degree view of the city and its surroundings. provides
Seefeld
Seefeld in Austria is a popular and famous place for winter sports. It is an old agricultural village.
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